Health misinformation is one of the most prevalent obstacles healthcare professionals are facing today. According to a survey from KFF, 40% of respondents reported hearing each of the false claims provided by the survey regarding “COVID-19, reproductive health, and gun violence.” While not every person who hears a false claim believes it right away, these types of misinformation still put patients’ lives at risk.
As described by Ballard Brief of BYU Marriot, approximately 800 people died from drinking highly-concentrated alcohol after believing false information that it could disinfect the body and kill COVID-19.
With patients’ lives at stake as “only 14% of the United States population has proficient health literacy,” NPs have a duty to correct misinformation for their patients as situations arise.
Here are just a few popular examples of health misinformation that NPs can plan to address.
Vaccines Under Fire
Although overwhelming scientific evidence supports the safety and efficacy of vaccines, myths and misinformation continue to circulate, causing confusion and hesitancy among patients. Below are some of the most common myths and how to address them:
Myth: Vaccines Cause Autism
- Numerous studies have found no link between vaccines and autism. The original study that claimed this has been debunked and retracted.
Myth: Natural Immunity Is Better Than Vaccination
- Natural immunity does offer some protection, but it can often come at the cost of severe illness, complications, or even death. Vaccines provide immunity without exposing patients, especially children, to the risks of disease.
Myth: Vaccines Contain Harmful Toxins
- The ingredients in vaccines, such as trace amounts of preservatives or stabilizers, are used in safe quantities and have been rigorously tested.
Weight Loss Myths Debunked
Fad diets have been around for decades, and in a society where people want immediate results, it seems a new one arises every few years. Weight loss myths and fad diets that promise quick results are confusing and frustrating for patients struggling to reach their target weight.
Here are some of the most common weight loss myths that patients may need guidance on:
Myth: Skipping Meals Helps You Lose Weight Faster
- Skipping meals can be harmful to metabolism and can lead to overeating later on. Eating balanced and regular meals is more effective for maintaining steady energy levels and promoting healthier choices.
Myth: Carbs Are the Enemy
- Not all carbs offer the same benefits. Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables provide essential energy and nutrients, while you should limit refined carbs. Focusing on the types of carbs you consume leads to better results.
Myth: Extreme Diets Are the Best Way to Lose Weight Quickly
- While extreme and fad diets may lead to rapid weight loss, they often result in muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies, and rebound weight gain once normal eating resumes. The best strategy is one that is sustainable, which may result in slower weight loss.
Miracle Cures or Myths?
The ease of virality on social media has led health and lifestyle influencers to gain popularity—even if the information they are sharing is incorrect. Patients who seek quick fixes or natural solutions to health problems can easily fall prey to this type of health misinformation. NPs play a crucial role in helping patients navigate these myths to make informed decisions grounded in evidence-based medicine. These are some of the most common myths to look out for:
Myth: Natural Means Safe
- “Natural” does not always mean it’s safe. Many natural products can interact with medications or have harmful side effects. Some patients may even be allergic to certain natural ingredients.
Myth: Alternative Therapies Can Cure Serious Illnesses
- Claims that certain supplements or therapies can cure cancer, diabetes, or other chronic diseases are often unsubstantiated and dangerous. These supplements and therapies are often expensive as well despite lacking scientific backing.
Myth: If It’s Popular Online, It Must Work
- Many viral health trends are driven by anecdotal evidence or marketing, not by rigorous scientific research. Many people promoting miracle cures online may be using them to make financial gains, so not all anecdotal evidence should be considered accurate.
From Misinformation to Evidence-Based Care
Health misinformation poses a significant challenge to NPs, undermining trust and putting patients’ lives at risk. By addressing common myths about vaccines, weight loss, and alternative therapies, NPs can not only protect their patients from harmful decisions but also foster healthier, more informed communities. Together, NPs and their patients can navigate these challenges and build a foundation of trust and wellness.
